Category 1 - The following materials do not require copyright clearance for any semester of use:

• Hyperlinks to all copyrighted material available on the Internet (See additional information about gaining off-campus access to links (http://library.brooklyn.cuny.edu/help/remote/) and information about deep linking (http://www.chillingeffects.org/linking)).
• Hyperlinks to public domain material on the Internet or reproductions of any public domain material such as most government documents. (For more information about using public domain material, see http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm).

Category 2 - A key aspect in determining whether or not you can claim fair use of many types of material is tied to the issue of continuous use of that material. For materials listed in this category, be aware that these materials:

• do not require copyright clearance for the first semester of use by a class;
• require copyright clearance for continuous use in the semesters immediately following the first semester of use; and
• must be password and electronic-duplication protected if digital.

Additionally, reproductions of materials from licensed databases, such as Lexis-Nexis, are subject to individual contracts. Send questions about individual database contracts to askcopyright@brooklyn.cuny.edu.

Materials covered by the category 2 guidelines include:

• Reproductions of short works
• Reproductions of excerpts from longer works. Although the U. S. copyright law does not specify the length of excerpts allowed, common practice among many institutions of higher education including Brooklyn College is to limit excerpts to not more than 10% of the entirety whether in printed or electronic format.

Category 3 - The following materials require copyright clearance for all semesters, including the first semester, of use.

• Reproductions of any digital copyrighted material that is not password and electronic-duplication protected. See additional information about password/duplication protection.
• Reproductions of entire long works whether in printed or electronic form.
• Reproductions of multiple parts from longer works. Although the U. S. copyright law does not specify the quantity of multiple parts allowed, common practice among many institutions of higher education including Brooklyn College is to limit parts to not more than 10% of the entirety whether in printed or electronic format.
• Reproductions of works as a collection that could serve as a substitute for a published anthology of works by separate authors or a published collection of works by a single author. See additional information about course packs.
• Reproductions of workbooks, exercises, standardized tests and test booklets and other published consumable material.
• Reproductions of materials from sources under license or contract.
• Reproductions of materials from course cartridges.